Certified Ophthalmic Medical Technologist (COMT) Practice Exam

What is a common side effect caused by corticosteroids?

1. Corneal edema

2. Posterior subcapsular cataracts

3. Mydriasis

4. Retinal detachment

The correct answer is: Posterior subcapsular cataracts

Corticosteroids are widely used in ophthalmology for their anti-inflammatory properties, but one notable side effect associated with their use is the development of posterior subcapsular cataracts. This occurs due to the pharmacological effects of corticosteroids on lens metabolism and the alteration of proteins within the lens capsule. The posterior subcapsular area of the lens is particularly affected, leading to opacification that can significantly impact vision. Additionally, the risk of developing cataracts increases with the duration of corticosteroid therapy and the total dosage. This side effect is clinically relevant because it may necessitate monitoring for cataract formation in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid treatment, and it may also require subsequent surgical intervention if the cataract leads to vision impairment. The other options listed may be associated with eye conditions, but they are not commonly linked specifically to corticosteroids. Corneal edema can occur for various reasons but is not a primary side effect of corticosteroids. Mydriasis, or dilated pupils, can result from several factors, including medication effects or neurological issues, but is not a known side effect of corticosteroids. Retinal detachment, while a serious condition, is not typically caused by corticosteroids directly. Therefore, the identification of posterior subcapsular